Recycling

Sorting/separation of waste, by-products and contaminated/polluted materials (sludge, earth, sediment, slag, clinker, etc.): manual sorting, optical sorting, particle size separation, dry gravimetric separation (densimetric table, ZZ, aeraulic separation), magnetic separation (magnetic pulley & drum) of ferrous and non-ferrous (Eddy current), wet separation (Sink-float, shaking table, hydrocyclone, screw classifier, jig, etc.).
Definition of a flowsheet;
Development and testing of pilot loops.

Valorisation

Valuable fractions arising from sorting/separation operations used as they are (sand taken from sediment or dredging, for example) or as constituent parts or alternative materials in the manufacture of other materials substituting natural raw materials.

Physico-chemical processing of contaminated/polluted fractions:

Inerting through solidification/stabilization which combines encapsulation in a chemically and mechanically stable matrix with immobilisation through low solubility phase formation or stable solid solutions.

Stabilisation of contaminants/pollutants (heavy metals) through chemical processing (carbonation, sulphidizing, phosphate conversion),

Stabilisation/inerting through thermal processing (calcination).